Presidential candidates of the 21st century spend millions of dollars winning the endorsements of their parties and mounting nationwide campaigns. Indeed, that alone explains his willingness to endure eight years in the vice presidency, an office devoid of power. Dinkin, Robert J. [2] In five states, the state legislature chose electors. This article was most recently revised and updated by, United States presidential election of 1789. Adams received votes from 77 electors and Clinton 50; the four electors from Kentucky voted for Thomas Jefferson, and one South Carolina elector voted for Aaron Burr. Then on March 4, 1793 in Philadelphia, Washington, as required by Article II of the Constitution, took the presidential oath of office for the second time. Clinton was from an electorally important swing state, and he convinced party leaders that he would be a stronger candidate than another New Yorker, Senator Aaron Burr. There were 12 names on the ballot which is a lot by current standards where we are used to our two-party system and maybe some independents. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. Join the thousands of fellow patriots who rely on our 5-minute newsletter to stay informed on the key events and trends that shaped our nation's past and continue to shape its present. Under the Articles of Confederation, which were ratified in 1781, the United States had no head of state. Athens, O.: United States Capitol Historical Society by Ohio U, 1999. The complete list of candidates was as follows. Donald Trump. Today political parties usually nominate their slate of electors at their state conventions or by a vote of the partys central state committee, with party loyalists often being picked for the job. Citizens of the new nation showed up in droves. Open 365 days a year, Mount Vernon is located just 15 miles south of Washington DC. The president and vice president are the only elected federal officials chosen by the Electoral College instead of by direct popular vote. All Rights Reserved. "Voting and American Democracy." Being from Massachusetts, Adams election provided the administration a regional balance between the South and North. The fight to ratify the United States Constitution was still fresh in the memories of the legislators, and the Anti-federalists were resentful for have been forced by events to accept the constitution without amendments. His persistence and devotion to his men and his perpetual mindfulness of the ideals for which they were fighting won him the respect and loyalty of many. Our Digital Encyclopedia has all of the answers students and teachers need. Discover the Home of George and Martha Washington. In truth, the country held a broad consensus. Landy, Marc, and Sidney M. Milkis. Federalist. ", D. Jason BerggrenGeorgia Southwestern State University. Mount Vernon is owned and maintained by the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union, a private, non-profit organization. The Twelfth Amendment would eventually replace this system, requiring electors to cast one vote for president and one vote for vice president, but this change did not take effect until 1804. Voting was hampered by poor communications and infrastructure and the labor demands imposed by farming. However, we cant forget that there was competition from 11 other men in that maiden presidential election. During the first election, Washington won the electors of all ten eligible states. Between the Revolutionary War and Constitutional Convention, Washington secured his position as a trusted leader. The American People as Christian White Men of Property:Suffrage and Elections in Colonial and Early National America. Have Any U.S. Presidents Decided Not to Run For a Second Term? The 1792 United States presidential election was the second quadrennial presidential election. President Washington ran unopposed, as he was the Federalist and Democratic-Republican parties nominee. (Two electors from Maryland and two from Virginia neglected to vote; the New York State Legislature was deadlocked and no electors were appointed from that state.) Of the remaining candidates, only Adams, Jay, and Hancock received votes from more than one state; with 34 votes, Adams finished second behind only Washington, and by virtue of which fact was elected vice president. In most states only white men, and in many only those who owned property, could vote. Washington never really ran for president. However, neither of those cities was Washington, D.C., as the seat of government did not move there until 1800. 1st quadrennial U.S. presidential election, 17881789 United States presidential election, New York had ratified the Constitution but its, See "Alternative methods for choosing electors" under, "17881789 United States presidential election", Learn how and when to remove this template message, National Archives and Records Administration, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, "The Electoral College Count for the Presidential Election of 1789", 178889 United States House of Representatives elections, "National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present", "A Saturday Session in the First Congress | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives", "The Electoral Count for the Presidential Election of 1789", United States presidential election, 1789, Presidential Election of 1789: A Resource Guide, A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns, 17871825, "A Historical Analysis of the Electoral College", Initiated, co-wrote, 1769 Virginia Association, 178889 United States presidential election, Longfellow HouseWashington's Headquarters National Historic Site, George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door, General George Washington Resigning His Commission, Washington and Jefferson National Forests, WashingtonRochambeau Revolutionary Route, Chairman of the Marine Committee, 1775-1779, United States presidential election 17881789, Massachusetts Historical Society holdings, A Defense of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America, Family home and John Quincy Adams birthplace, Co-founder and second president, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence, Letters of Mrs. Adams, the Wife of John Adams, elections in which the winner lost the popular vote, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=17881789_United_States_presidential_election&oldid=1141583738, Articles needing additional references from April 2017, All articles needing additional references, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Pages using bar box without float left or float right, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, each elector chosen by voters statewide; however, if no candidate wins majority, state legislature appoints electors from top ten candidates, state divided into electoral districts, with one elector chosen per district by the voters of that district, state had not yet ratified the Constitution, two electors appointed by state legislature, each remaining elector chosen by state legislature from the two most popular candidates in each U.S. House district. The vote totals of Kentucky and Virginia appear to be lost. (c) Those states that did choose electors by popular vote had widely varying restrictions on suffrage via property requirements. Having lost the vice president position, he was appointed the 1st Chief Justice by President Washington. The next highest total was that of Founding Father John Jay, who got nine of the second choice votes compared with six for both R.H. Harrison and John Routledge. Those chosen would cast their votes a month later, on February 4. *Electors were chosen by legislatures in many states, not by popular vote. Of the 72 electors, all but three cast their ballots (electors voted for two candidates). Thomas Jefferson predicted that a popular Northern leader such as Governor John Hancock of Massachusetts or John Adams, a former minister to Great Britain who had represented Massachusetts in Congress, would be elected vice president. Control of the bicameral New York State Legislature was divided following ratification of the federal constitution, and lawmakers could not reach an agreement to appoint electors for the forthcoming presidential contest. There he enlisted in a unit formed by Irish Loyalists to fight the American colonials and General Washingtons Continental Army. Print. George Washington had wished to retire at the end of his first term in office. (g) The identity of this candidate comes from The Documentary History of the First Federal Elections (Gordon DenBoer (ed. Behind Washington, John Adams, who most recently had served as the first U.S. ambassador to Great Britain, finished with 34 electoral votes and became the first vice president of the United States. Vol. The Washington Library is open to all researchers and scholars, by appointment only. Because the two houses of the New York legislature could not agree on electors, the state did not cast its electoral vote. In 1789, the first presidential election, George Washingtonwas unanimously elected president of the United States. Saul Loeb/AFP via Getty. The Mount Vernon Ladies Association has been maintaining the Mount Vernon Estate since they acquired it from the Washington family in 1858. As per the terms of the unamended constitution, each elector was permitted two votes for president, with a majority of "the whole number of electors appointed" necessary to elect a president. He, too, was present for the signing of the Treaty of Paris and a leading figure during the creation of the Declaration of Independence. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Source: United States Office of the Federal Register. Photo: Brandon Bell/Getty. Washington was elected unanimously, receiving one vote from every elector. Suffering from diminished physical abilities, Pres. As instructed in Article 1 of the U.S. Constitution, Supreme Court Chief Justice William Rehnquist was sworn in to preside, read more, Frenchman Jean-Pierre Blanchard and American John Jeffries travel from Dover, England, to Calais, France, in a gas balloon, becoming the first to cross the English Channel by air. States had varying methods for choosing presidential electors. Limited, primitive political campaigning occurred in states and localities where swaying public opinion might matter. https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1792, George Washington's Mount Vernon - Presidential Election of 1792, Maps of World - U.S. Presidential Election 1792, Gilbert Stuart: portrait of George Washington, United States presidential election of 1789, United States presidential election of 1796. ), University of Wisconsin Press, 1984, p.441). Free black men could vote in four Northern states, and women could vote in New Jersey until 1776. In some states, there was a nominal religious test for voting. The second presidential election represented and reflected the democratic idea that presidential elections every four years would be a regular and frequent feature of American politics. Crossword clues for Who ran against George Washington for president United States presidential election of 1789, American presidential election held on Feb. 4, 1789, in which George Washington was unanimously chosen as the first president of the United States by electors from 10 of the 13 extant states. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. Cooper, William J., Jr. Liberty and Slavery: Southern Politics to 1860. For example, in Maryland, a state with a statewide popular vote, unofficial parties campaigned locally, advertising. The remaining 35 electoral votes were split among 10 different candidates, including John Jay, who finished second with nine electoral votes. Sign up now to learn about This Day in History straight from your inbox. In this election, George Washington was elected for the first of his two terms as President of the United States, and John Adams became . President George Washington served his first term with Adams as his vice president from April 1789. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Although James Degnan went on the radio to plead for his daughters safety, the kidnapper never made any contact or read more, Just six days after the fall of the Fulgencio Batista dictatorship in Cuba, U.S. officials recognize the new provisional government of the island nation. George Clinton, a vehement champion of states rights. The path to the presidency, and the task of leading a new nation, was uncharted territory for which there was no precedent. 3 (September 2006): 373-390. Washington was inaugurated in New York City on April 30, 1789, 57 days after the First Congress convened. 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